This book is a multidisciplinary book in which the problem on hypertensive disease is analysed from different points of view by physicists, mathematicians, biologists. Topics discussed include a review on genetic and physiological mechanisms of arterial hypertension; descriptions of various approaches to mathematical modelling of the system for controlling blood circulation and blood flow in a vessel; a survey existing models of hemodynamics and description of an approach to numerical modelling of the blood flow in the human cardiovascular system; and a software developed for visual creation and simulation of modular mathematical models of the biological systems.